Though I’d still love for it to work with the default BackgroundJob.Enqueue, it does appear I found a more verbose work-around.
var entityId = Guid.NewGuid();
var abstractExample = new AbstractExample();
var type = abstractExample.GetType();
var method = type.GetMethod("Execute");
var job = new Job(type, method, new[] { entityId.ToString() });
var client = new BackgroundJobClient();
client.Create(job, new EnqueuedState());
If you were to want a recurring job, rather than a one-time instantly executing one, you’d use RecurringJobManager.AddOrUpdate instead of BackgroundJobClient.Create.